Abstract
Symmorphosis predicts that animal design is optimized in such a way that structure 'satisfies but does not exceed' functional requirements. To provide one test of this hypothesis, we examined peak inspiratory flow and its relation to maximum oxygen uptake in humans. We measured maximal forced (peak) inspiratory flow (V̇imax) and maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) via cycle ergometry in well trained (V̇O2max>65 ml O2·kg-1·min-1) and untrained (V̇O2max<45 ml O2·kg-1·min-1) male subjects. Tests of V̇imax and peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) were made while the subjects were breathing through inspiratory orifices differing in area. V̇imax varied as an identical function of orifice diameter in both groups of subjects. However, V̇O2peak was more sensitive to decreasing orifice diameter in trained endurance athletes than it was in untrained individuals. The diameter of the largest orifice that caused a reduction in oxygen uptake was over two times larger for trained than for untrained subjects, corresponding to about a four-fold difference in resistance at any flow rate. These results suggest that the structures setting V̇imax (airway resistance and inspiratory muscle strength) are not matched to oxygen demand (V̇O2max) in humans. While these structures seem to be 'over-built' and hence do not likely contribute to setting the limits to aerobic performance in most. humans, they may be among the primary limiting factors in the most elite endurance athletes.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 109-118 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Respiration Physiology |
| Volume | 95 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1994 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Flow, maximum inspiratory
- Inspiration, maximal flow vs maximal O uptake
- Mammals, humans
- Symmorphosis, peak inspiratory flow, maximum O uptake
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physiology
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Cite this
Does peak inspiratory flow contribute to setting V̇O2max?. A test of symmorphosis. / Lindstedt, Stan L; Thomas, Rickey G.; Leith, David E.
In: Respiration Physiology, Vol. 95, No. 1, 1994, p. 109-118.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Does peak inspiratory flow contribute to setting V̇O2max?. A test of symmorphosis
AU - Lindstedt, Stan L
AU - Thomas, Rickey G.
AU - Leith, David E.
PY - 1994
Y1 - 1994
N2 - Symmorphosis predicts that animal design is optimized in such a way that structure 'satisfies but does not exceed' functional requirements. To provide one test of this hypothesis, we examined peak inspiratory flow and its relation to maximum oxygen uptake in humans. We measured maximal forced (peak) inspiratory flow (V̇imax) and maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) via cycle ergometry in well trained (V̇O2max>65 ml O2·kg-1·min-1) and untrained (V̇O2max<45 ml O2·kg-1·min-1) male subjects. Tests of V̇imax and peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) were made while the subjects were breathing through inspiratory orifices differing in area. V̇imax varied as an identical function of orifice diameter in both groups of subjects. However, V̇O2peak was more sensitive to decreasing orifice diameter in trained endurance athletes than it was in untrained individuals. The diameter of the largest orifice that caused a reduction in oxygen uptake was over two times larger for trained than for untrained subjects, corresponding to about a four-fold difference in resistance at any flow rate. These results suggest that the structures setting V̇imax (airway resistance and inspiratory muscle strength) are not matched to oxygen demand (V̇O2max) in humans. While these structures seem to be 'over-built' and hence do not likely contribute to setting the limits to aerobic performance in most. humans, they may be among the primary limiting factors in the most elite endurance athletes.
AB - Symmorphosis predicts that animal design is optimized in such a way that structure 'satisfies but does not exceed' functional requirements. To provide one test of this hypothesis, we examined peak inspiratory flow and its relation to maximum oxygen uptake in humans. We measured maximal forced (peak) inspiratory flow (V̇imax) and maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) via cycle ergometry in well trained (V̇O2max>65 ml O2·kg-1·min-1) and untrained (V̇O2max<45 ml O2·kg-1·min-1) male subjects. Tests of V̇imax and peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) were made while the subjects were breathing through inspiratory orifices differing in area. V̇imax varied as an identical function of orifice diameter in both groups of subjects. However, V̇O2peak was more sensitive to decreasing orifice diameter in trained endurance athletes than it was in untrained individuals. The diameter of the largest orifice that caused a reduction in oxygen uptake was over two times larger for trained than for untrained subjects, corresponding to about a four-fold difference in resistance at any flow rate. These results suggest that the structures setting V̇imax (airway resistance and inspiratory muscle strength) are not matched to oxygen demand (V̇O2max) in humans. While these structures seem to be 'over-built' and hence do not likely contribute to setting the limits to aerobic performance in most. humans, they may be among the primary limiting factors in the most elite endurance athletes.
KW - Flow, maximum inspiratory
KW - Inspiration, maximal flow vs maximal O uptake
KW - Mammals, humans
KW - Symmorphosis, peak inspiratory flow, maximum O uptake
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0028079467&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0028079467&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/0034-5687(94)90051-5
DO - 10.1016/0034-5687(94)90051-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 8153449
AN - SCOPUS:0028079467
VL - 95
SP - 109
EP - 118
JO - Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology
JF - Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology
SN - 1569-9048
IS - 1
ER -